The EU as a Legitimate Actor

The European Union is a unique body that lies somewhere between the realm of a nation-state, international actor, and a non-governmental actor. Its ability to influence different regions without force makes it a legitimate actor in international politics. Indeed, it is one of a kind. It has undergone significant changes since its conception after World War Two. The longer it has been in existence the larger it has grown and the greater its influence around the globe particularly on its member states. In “Constructing authority in the European Union”, McNamara discusses how symbols (ie. the euro, the EU flag) and their interaction with practice empower Europe’s role as a global governor. Through its functional and symbolic efforts, the EU has gained political power and authority.
The EU influences politics such as the movement of money, people, goods and services. For example, it has established a single market, a borderless state, and social safety nets for its citizens. The idea of “Europeanism” constructed by the EU reinforces and legitimizes their agency. It has affected the lives of people inside and outside Europe. The EU’s involvement in domestic and international policies demonstrates its non-military power and influence. Its ability to spread its norms and values without coercion supports the author’s definition that an actor can be viewed as legitimate if it achieves significant level of acceptance without coercion. Its “ability to create, through discourse and action, the sense of its own authority as natural and unremarkable. (McNamara 153)”
While some view their EU membership as a positive thing others view it as a threat to their sovereignty. Many right wing politicians like Jean-Marie Le Pen believe the EU is reconstructing Europe’s identity. One example that highlights this sentiment is France and the Netherland’s rejection of the Constitutional Conventions which halted EU enlargement and prevented Eastern European countries from joining. More Recently, there is Brexit. These actors feel constrained and trapped by the EU. Nevertheless, these state have created the EU by coming together on common grounds. By joining the EU they have given up some of their autonomy for the good of the organization thereby lending it power. And while, France and the Netherland had all the right to vote “No” during the Constitutional Conventions, Britain will face a large penalty if it leaves the EU. The EU’s ability to penalize a member state for breaking a contract demonstrates its legitimacy and authority as an international actor.
References

Mcnamara, Kathleen R. "Constructing Authority in the European Union." Who Governs the Globe?: 153-80. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511845369.007.

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